2014年考研英語模擬試題及答案

　　Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET II.

　　1) During the adolescence, the development of political ideology becomes apparent in the individual ; ideology here is defined as the presence of roughly consistent attitudes, more or less organized in reference to a more encompassing set of general principles. As such, political ideology is dim or absent at the beginning of adolescence. Its acquisition by the adolescent, in even the most modest sense, requires the acquisition of relatively sophisticated cognitive skills: the ability to manage abstractness, to synthesize and generalize, to imagine the future. These are accompanied by a steady advance in the ability to understand principles.

　　The child's rapid acquisition of political knowledge also promotes the growth of political ideology during adolescence. 2) By knowledge I mean more than the dull "facts" such as the composition of country government, that the child is exposed to in the conventional ninth-grade school course. Nor do I mean only information on current political realities. 3) These are facts of knowledge, but they are less critical than the adolescent's absorption of a feeling for those many unspoken assumptions about the political system that comprise the common ground of understanding, for example, what the state can "appropriately" demand of its citizens, and vice versa, or the "proper" relationship of government to subsidiary social institutions such as the schools and churches. Thus, political knowledge is the awareness of social assumptions and relationships as well as of objective facts. 4 ) Much of the naiveté that characterizes the younger adolescent's grasp of politics stems not from an ignorance of "facts" but from an incomplete comprehension of the common conventions of the system, of what is and is not customarily done, and of how and why it is or is not done.

　　Yet I do not want to overemphasize the significance of increased political knowledge in forming adolescent ideology. Over the years I have become progressively disenchanted about the centrality of such knowledge and have come to believe that much current work in political socialization, by relying too heavily on its apparent acquisition, has been misled about the tempo of political understanding in adolescence. 5) Just as young children can count numbers in series without grasping the principle of ordination, young adolescents may have in their heads many random bits of political information without a secure understanding of those concepts that would give order and meaning to the information.

　　Children's minds pick up bits and pieces of data, but until the adolescent has grasped the encompassing function that concepts and principles provide, the data remain fragmented, random, disordered.

　　Writing

　　Part A

　　Directions: Your good friend Pain has been admitted by the famous Tsinghua University as a Master of Science student in Mathematics. Write him a letter in congratulation of his achievement and express your regards.

　　You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET II. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You don't need to write the address.

　　Part B

　　Directions:Study the .following picture carefully and write an essay of 160～200 words in which you should

　　1) describe the drawing Piefly,

　　2) interpret the intended meaning reflected by it, and

　　3) give your comment.

　　參考答案：

　　1) 在青少年時期，政治觀念的發(fā)展在每個人身上明顯體現(xiàn)出來。在這里，政治觀念是指存在的一些大體上一致的態(tài)度，根據(jù)一套更有組織性的一般原則大致地組合在一起。

　　[要點] 被動語態(tài)的翻譯;非謂語動詞的翻譯

　　[句法] 并列句。翻譯注意：(1)is defined as翻譯成主動語態(tài)，譯為“是指”。(2) organized...過去分詞短語修飾attitudes，因為較長，采用“轉(zhuǎn)化法”獨(dú)立翻譯成分句。

　　[詞法] (1) presence根據(jù)語境轉(zhuǎn)換譯作形容詞“存在的”。(2)encompass意為“包圍，圍繞”，因為與roughly consistent相對比，可以翻譯為“有綞織的，協(xié)調(diào)的”。

　　2) 在這里，我所說的政治知識，并不僅僅是像國家政府機(jī)構(gòu)等這樣的枯燥知識，這些知識在常規(guī)的九年制教育中早已教授給學(xué)生了。

　　[要點] 定語從句的翻譯;被動語態(tài)的翻譯

　　[句法] 復(fù)合句。that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾facts，that在從句中作expose to的賓語;such as...作插入語。翻譯注意：(1)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句應(yīng)采取“分譯后置法”獨(dú)立成句。(2) is exposed to翻譯成主動語態(tài)“教授給”。

　　[詞法] knowledge指前面提到的political knowledge，因此增詞譯作“政治知識”。