直接引語是原封不動地引述別人的話,直接引語之前和之后要加上引號。如:
Bill said, “I'm hungry.” 比爾說,“我餓了。”
“What can I do with little Tom?” She said. 她說,“我該拿小湯姆怎么辦呢?”
而間接引語是指說話人站在自己的立場上來轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話。由于時(shí)間和空間的立腳點(diǎn)不同,在轉(zhuǎn)述時(shí)要把別人的原話在時(shí)態(tài)等方面作改動。上面兩個句子如果變成間接引語,則為:
Bill said (that) he was hungry.
She said what she could do with little Tom.
注意:(1)當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)時(shí),間接引語中的時(shí)態(tài)不需要改動。如:
“I'm trying to get a taxi.” Paul says.
→Paul says (that) he is trying to get a taxi. 保羅說他正在設(shè)法租一輛出租車。
(2)如果原話的時(shí)間與轉(zhuǎn)述的時(shí)間不一致,則時(shí)間狀語也需要變動,如果轉(zhuǎn)述的時(shí)間與原話一致,則在間接引語中不需要變動。
常用的需要變動的時(shí)間狀語有:
直接引語→間接引語
today→that day
tomorrow→the next day / the following day
tonight→that night
yesterday→the previous day / the day before
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