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高中定語(yǔ)從句講解及試題練習(xí)(4)

  19.3 原因狀語(yǔ)從句

  比較because, since, as和for:

  1)because語(yǔ)勢(shì)最強(qiáng),用來(lái)說(shuō)明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的問(wèn)題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見(jiàn)的或已為人們所知,就用as或 since。例如:

  I didn\'t go, because I was afraid. 我不去是因?yàn)槲遗隆?/p>

  Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 天氣那么糟,旅行推遲了。

  2)由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末,且前面有逗號(hào),則可以用for來(lái)代替。但如果不是說(shuō)明直接原因,而是多種情況加以推斷,就只能用for。例如:

  He is absent today, because / for he is ill. 他今天缺席,因?yàn)樗×恕?/p>

  He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他一定病了,所以今天缺席。

  19.4 目的狀語(yǔ)從句

  表示目的狀語(yǔ)的從句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等詞引導(dǎo)。例如:

  You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 你必須大點(diǎn)聲,別人就能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)了。

  He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it. 他寫下了這個(gè)名字以免以后忘記。

  Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 最好多穿點(diǎn)衣服,以防天發(fā)冷。

  19.5 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

  結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句常由so…that 或 such…that引導(dǎo)。so…that與such…that之間可以轉(zhuǎn)換。例如:

  The boy is so young that he can\'t go to school. 這男孩年齡太小,不能上學(xué)。

  He is such a young boy that he can\'t go to school

  19.6 條件狀語(yǔ)從句

  連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。if 引導(dǎo)的條件句有真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句兩種。非真實(shí)條件句已在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中闡述。

  unless = if not.  例如:

  Let\'s go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 如果不太累,我們?nèi)ド⑸⒉健?/p>

  If you are not too tied, let\'s go out for a walk.

  典型例題

  You will be late ___ you leave immediately.

  A. unless  B. until  C. if  D. or

  答案A。句意:除非你立即走,否則你就回遲到的。可轉(zhuǎn)化為 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late。B、D句意不對(duì),or表轉(zhuǎn)折,句子如為 You leave immediately or you will be late.

  19.7 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

  1)though, although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,后面的從句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可連用。例如:

  Although it\'s raining, they are still working in the field. 雖然在下雨,但他們?nèi)栽诘乩锔苫睢?/p>

  He is very old, but he still works very hard. 雖然他很老了,但仍然努力地工作。

  Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. 傷口雖愈合,但傷疤留下了。(諺語(yǔ))

  2) as, though 引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)提前(形容詞、副詞、分詞、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前)。例如:

  Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.

  雖然是個(gè)小孩,該做什么不做什么,他全知道。

  3) ever if, even though 即使。例如:

  We\'ll make a trip even though the weather is bad. 即使天氣不好,我們也要去遠(yuǎn)足。

  4) whether…or… 不管……都。例如:

  Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 信不信由你,這確實(shí)是真的。

  5) \"no matter +疑問(wèn)詞\" 或\"疑問(wèn)詞+后綴ever\" 。例如:

  No matter what happened, he would not mind. =Whatever happened, he would not mind. 不管發(fā)生什么,他不在意。

  替換:no matter what = whatever

  no matter who = whoever

  no matter when = whenever

  no matter where = wherever

  no matter which = whichever

  no matter how = however

  注意:no matter 不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句。

  (錯(cuò))No matter what you say is of no use now.

  (對(duì))Whatever you say is of no use now. 你現(xiàn)在說(shuō)什么也沒(méi)用了。(Whatever you say是主語(yǔ)從句)

  (錯(cuò))Prisoners have to eat no matter what they\'re given,

  (對(duì))Prisoners have to eat whatever they\'re given.囚犯?jìng)冎荒芙o什么吃什么。

  19.8 比較while, when, as

  1)as, when 引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。例如:

  Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 我一剎車,有一個(gè)人向我走來(lái)。

  2)當(dāng)從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于主句動(dòng)作之前,只能用when 引導(dǎo)這個(gè)從句,不可用as 或 while。例如:

  When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 趕完活后,你可以休息一下。

  3)從句表示\"隨時(shí)間推移\"連詞能用as,不用when 或while。例如:

  As the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天過(guò)去,天氣越變?cè)綁摹?/p>

  19.9 比較until和till

  此兩個(gè)連詞意義相同??隙ㄐ问奖硎镜囊馑际荺"做某事直至某時(shí)\",動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的。否定形式表達(dá)的意思是\"直至某時(shí)才做某事\"。動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性都可以。正確使用這兩個(gè)連詞的關(guān)鍵之一就在于判斷句中的動(dòng)詞該用肯定式還是否定式。肯定句:I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜時(shí)醒了。

  Wait till I call you. 等著我叫你。(在肯定句中可用before代替。例如 Let\'s get in the wheat before the sun sets.)

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